5.six.2 Postaxial cervical vertebrae

PEFO 34561 cannot maintain people blog post-axial anterior cervical spinal vertebrae, so this breakdown primarily is based on PEFO 33861, PEFO 34269, and you will PEFO 34833 (Contour 8e). New centra was anteroposteriorly small; the newest anteroposterior length of brand new centrum are a few-thirds the height. The fresh new diapophysis is located into dorsolateral body of your own centrum while the parapophysis is based with habbo ekЕџi the ventrolateral epidermis. In the middle you can find moderately to help you really-put up non-pneumatic fossae. Ventrally, all centra has better-set-up keels. New sensory arc and you may spine try dorsoventrally high versus centrum; testing from PEFO 33861 and you will PEFO 34833 means that new sensory spine screens positive allometry in line with the fresh centrum. The newest neural back try posteriorly set and you will quite overhangs the fresh centrum. It’s sideways compressed and you can anteroposteriorly thin, which have an extremely limited extension at the dorsal tip. The zygapophyses is actually established fifty°–55° out of horizontal. The brand new postzygapophysis and has a well-put up epipophysis thanks to no less than new next cervical vertebra (centered on PEFO 34833). The existence of post-axial epipophyses is important as this reputation provides a finite delivery inside the archosaurs, and are also only present in R. callenderi, saurischian dinosaurs, B. kupferzellensis, V. campi (age.g., PEFO 33978), X. sapingensis (IVPP V6026), Age. okeeffeae (AMNH FR 30587), and you may Hesperosuchus agilis (AMNH FR 6758; Langer & Benton, 2006 ; Nesbitt, 2011 ).

The newest morphology of the center so you can rear cervical backbone is similar to the more anterior cervical backbone compared to trunk spinal vertebrae from inside the they have weak ventral keels and you can run out of distinct spinal laminae; not, new centrum is more equant in its size (Contour 8f). Also, the fresh diapophysis is available to the neural arch, the latest zygapophyses is actually proportionally larger than alot more prior spinal vertebrae, the fresh postzygapophyses lack epipophyses, and the transverse expansion of dorsal margin of your sensory lower back is ideal establish. Ergo, the newest rear cervical backbone try transitional inside the morphology amongst the prior cervical in addition to middle-trunk area vertebrae.

5.six.step 3 Trunk backbone

Continuing this new trend observed in this new cervical series, the first several trunk area vertebrae (dependent on brand new related rib sort of) also are transitional in the morphology (Profile 8g) amongst the cervical vertebrae and also the trunk area vertebrae closer to the fresh new sacrum. The centra are anteroposteriorly more than dorsoventrally significant, while the centrum faces are amphicoelous. The rear centra run out of ventral ridges towards midline (= ventral keels). The fresh new prezygapophysis try depending 30° from lateral, while brand new postzygapophysis is dependent only 20° out-of lateral. The fresh new sensory lower back is more lengthened anteroposteriorly than in this new cervical vertebrae; which extension results from well-build dorsoventral laminae to your prior and you may posterior sides of one’s neural spine. The dorsal part of the sensory back is actually longer sideways on the an intensive “lower back dining table” with a flat dorsal surface, similar to that of aetosaurs (elizabeth.g.,D. spurensis, MNA V9300). In the dorsal take a look at, these back dining tables was heart-molded towards top of your center leading posteriorly. The newest diapophysis and parapophysis try linked from the a properly-put up paradiapophyseal lamina; this lamina is located in almost every other archosaurs (age.g., Nesbitt, 2005b ), but it is like higher within these backbone out of R. callenderi. Brand new parapophysis is based on sensory arc, but it is not dorsal toward dorsalmost expansion of your centrum. The first one or two trunk backbone keeps moderately arranged centroprezygapophyseal, centropostzygapophyseal, spinoprezygapophyseal, spinopostzygapophyseal, prezygodiapophyseal, postzygodiapophyseal, and you can intrapostzygapophyseal laminae identifying them on cervical backbone (Wilson, 1999 ).

step one.25pared to the first couple of trunk area vertebrae, the latest parapophysis is a lot nearer to brand new diapophysis; this new parapophysis merely anteromedial toward diapophysis and are also connected because of the a tiny paradiapophyseal lamina. The latest centrozygapophyseal and spinozygapophyseal laminae aren’t just like the obvious throughout the more posterior trunk area spinal vertebrae, although the intrapostzygapophyseal lamina remains distinct, and you will a beneficial intrina can be found. New neural spines try cardio-molded like the transformation spinal vertebrae, but they are some much more anteroposteriorly elongate.